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Rib and Sternum Fixation

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What is Rib and Sternum Fixation?

Rib and sternum fixation is a surgical procedure used to stabilize and repair fractures or abnormalities in the rib cage and sternum (breastbone). This procedure is often necessary following traumatic injuries, such as those sustained in car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. It is also utilized in cases of congenital deformities, tumors, or after certain thoracic surgeries.

Indications for Rib and Sternum Fixation

Rib and sternum fixation is indicated for:

  • Severe rib fractures that are displaced or multiple

  • Flail chest, a condition where a segment of the rib cage breaks and becomes detached from the chest wall

  • Non-healing rib fractures

  • Sternum fractures that require stabilization

  • Chest wall deformities

  • Tumors affecting the ribs or sternum

The Procedure

Preoperative Evaluation

Before the surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted, including imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to assess the extent of the injury or deformity. The patient’s overall health and medical history are also reviewed to ensure they are a suitable candidate for surgery.

Surgical Technique

The surgical approach for rib and sternum fixation involves:

  1. Anesthesia: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.

  2. Incision: A carefully planned incision is made to access the affected ribs or sternum.

  3. Reduction and Fixation: The fractured or deformed bones are realigned, and specialized plates, screws, or other fixation devices are used to stabilize them. In the case of rib fractures, titanium plates and screws are commonly used due to their strength and biocompatibility. For sternum fractures, a combination of wires, plates, and screws may be utilized.

  4. Closure: The incision is closed using sutures, and a dressing is applied to protect the surgical site.

Postoperative Care

After the procedure, patients are monitored closely to ensure proper healing. Pain management, physical therapy, and respiratory exercises are essential components of the recovery process. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor the patient’s progress and to make any necessary adjustments to their treatment plan.

Benefits of Rib and Sternum Fixation

  • Improved Stability: Stabilizes the chest wall, allowing for better respiratory function and reduced pain.

  • Faster Recovery: Enhances the healing process and enables patients to return to their daily activities more quickly.

  • Reduced Complications: Minimizes the risk of complications such as pneumonia or chronic pain associated with unstable fractures.

  • Enhanced Quality of Life: Restores the integrity of the chest wall, improving overall physical function and quality of life.

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